In 1824, Joseph Aspidin mixed powdered limestone and clay with water and molded the mixture into slabs. These were then burned until carbon dioxide was liberated. He then ground the slabs into a fine powder. This cement when used gave a color and strength similar to the stones from the island of Portland, hence the term Portland…

Proper storage of cement shall permit easy access for inspection and identification. Cement shall be stored in suitable weather-tight structures, to protect the cement from dampness. It shall not be piled more than ten bags in a stack and shall be arranged in header and stretcher fashion as far as possible. While removing the bags…

The horizontal circulation area of a building in the area of verandahs, passages, corridors, balconies, porches, etc. On the other hand, the vertical circulation area of a building in the area or space occupied by staircase.......